20 Medical Test Quiz Questions and Answers

Question 1:
What is the primary function of the heart?
A) To produce hormones
B) To pump blood throughout the body
C) To filter waste from the blood
D) To store oxygen

Answer: B) To pump blood throughout the body
Explanation: The heart acts as a muscular pump that circulates blood, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste products.

Question 2:
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K

Answer: D) Vitamin K
Explanation: Vitamin K is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors in the liver, which help prevent excessive bleeding.

Question 3:
What is the most common symptom of diabetes mellitus?
A) Excessive thirst
B) Frequent urination
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B

Answer: C) Both A and B
Explanation: Diabetes mellitus often presents with polydipsia (excessive thirst) and polyuria (frequent urination) due to high blood sugar levels.

Question 4:
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxifying the blood?
A) Liver
B) Kidneys
C) Lungs
D) Spleen

Answer: B) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys filter waste products, excess salts, and water from the blood, excreting them as urine to maintain homeostasis.

Question 5:
What does the acronym CPR stand for in emergency medical procedures?
A) Cardiac Pressure Response
B) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
C) Central Pulmonary Recovery
D) Critical Patient Revival

Answer: B) Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Explanation: CPR is a lifesaving technique that provides artificial circulation and oxygenation to a person whose heart has stopped.

Question 6:
Which type of blood cell is responsible for fighting infections?
A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma cells

Answer: B) White blood cells
Explanation: White blood cells, including neutrophils and lymphocytes, identify and destroy pathogens to protect the body from infections.

Question 7:
What is the normal range for adult human body temperature in Celsius?
A) 35.0–36.0°C
B) 36.1–37.2°C
C) 37.3–38.0°C
D) 38.1–39.0°C

Answer: B) 36.1–37.2°C
Explanation: The average normal body temperature for adults is around 36.5–37.0°C, with a typical range of 36.1–37.2°C.

Question 8:
Which hormone is produced by the thyroid gland?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroxine
C) Cortisol
D) Estrogen

Answer: B) Thyroxine
Explanation: Thyroxine (T4) regulates metabolism, growth, and development by controlling the body’s energy use.

Question 9:
What is the main cause of hypertension?
A) High sodium intake
B) Genetic factors and lifestyle
C) Low potassium levels
D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Hypertension can result from a combination of dietary factors like high sodium, genetics, and low potassium, among other causes.

Question 10:
Which vaccine is used to prevent measles?
A) Polio vaccine
B) MMR vaccine
C) Hepatitis B vaccine
D) Flu vaccine

Answer: B) MMR vaccine
Explanation: The MMR vaccine protects against measles, mumps, and rubella by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies.

Question 11:
What is the function of the alveoli in the lungs?
A) To produce mucus
B) To exchange gases
C) To filter air
D) To store oxygen

Answer: B) To exchange gases
Explanation: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen from inhaled air diffuses into the blood, and carbon dioxide is removed.

Question 12:
Which mineral is crucial for bone health?
A) Iron
B) Calcium
C) Magnesium
D) Zinc

Answer: B) Calcium
Explanation: Calcium is a key component of bone tissue, helping to maintain bone density and strength.

Question 13:
What is anaphylaxis?
A) A mild allergic reaction
B) A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
C) A bacterial infection
D) A viral illness

Answer: B) A severe, life-threatening allergic reaction
Explanation: Anaphylaxis involves a rapid release of chemicals that can cause swelling, difficulty breathing, and shock if not treated immediately.

Question 14:
Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Brainstem
D) Hypothalamus

Answer: A) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture.

Question 15:
What is the recommended daily intake of water for an adult?
A) 1–2 liters
B) 2–3 liters
C) 3–4 liters
D) 4–5 liters

Answer: B) 2–3 liters
Explanation: Adults should consume about 2–3 liters of water per day to maintain hydration, support bodily functions, and regulate temperature.

Question 16:
Which antibiotic is commonly used to treat bacterial infections like pneumonia?
A) Aspirin
B) Amoxicillin
C) Paracetamol
D) Ibuprofen

Answer: B) Amoxicillin
Explanation: Amoxicillin is a penicillin-type antibiotic effective against a wide range of bacteria, including those causing respiratory infections.

Question 17:
What does BMI stand for, and what is it used for?
A) Body Mass Index, to measure body fat
B) Basic Metabolic Indicator, to check heart rate
C) Blood Mineral Index, to assess nutrition
D) Bone Mass Indicator, to evaluate bones

Answer: A) Body Mass Index, to measure body fat
Explanation: BMI is a calculation based on height and weight that estimates body fat and helps assess weight categories like underweight or obese.

Question 18:
Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the joints?
A) Asthma
B) Arthritis
C) Diabetes
D) Hypertension

Answer: B) Arthritis
Explanation: Arthritis involves joint inflammation, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.

Question 19:
What is the purpose of a stethoscope in medical examinations?
A) To measure blood pressure
B) To listen to internal sounds like heartbeats
C) To check vision
D) To test reflexes

Answer: B) To listen to internal sounds like heartbeats
Explanation: A stethoscope amplifies sounds from the body, allowing healthcare providers to assess heart, lung, and bowel functions.

Question 20:
Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy?
A) Proteins
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fats
D) Vitamins

Answer: B) Carbohydrates
Explanation: Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used by cells for energy production through metabolism.