Anorexia Nervosa is a serious eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight, a distorted body image, and severe restriction of food intake, leading to dangerously low body weight. It primarily affects adolescents and young adults, with a higher prevalence in females, though males can also be impacted.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include significant weight loss, obsession with calorie counting, avoidance of certain foods, excessive exercise, denial of hunger, and physical signs such as fatigue, dizziness, hair loss, and irregular heartbeats. Psychological symptoms may involve depression, anxiety, social withdrawal, and an irrational preoccupation with body shape.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause is not fully understood but involves a combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Risk factors include a family history of eating disorders, societal pressure for thinness, perfectionism, low self-esteem, traumatic experiences, and participation in activities that emphasize appearance, such as modeling or athletics.
Health Effects
If untreated, anorexia can lead to severe complications, including malnutrition, heart problems, bone density loss (osteoporosis), infertility, organ damage, and even death. It affects multiple systems in the body, potentially causing electrolyte imbalances, weakened immune function, and cognitive impairments.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, psychological evaluation, and assessment of eating habits. Treatment is multidisciplinary and may include medical monitoring, nutritional counseling, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family-based therapy, antidepressants if needed, and in severe cases, hospitalization for refeeding and stabilization. Early intervention is crucial for recovery, with ongoing support to prevent relapse.
Prevalence and Outlook
Anorexia affects about 1% of the global population, with higher rates in developed countries. With proper treatment, many individuals achieve full recovery, though it can be a chronic condition requiring long-term management. Raising awareness and promoting body positivity are essential for prevention.
Table of contents
- Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz maker – Make a free quiz in minutes
- Part 2: 20 anorexia quiz questions & answers
- Part 3: Save time and energy: generate quiz questions with AI technology
Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz maker – Make a free quiz in minutes
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Part 2: 20 anorexia quiz questions & answers
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1. What is the primary characteristic of Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Excessive eating followed by purging
B. Intense fear of gaining weight and restriction of food intake
C. Binge eating without compensatory behaviors
D. Overeating due to emotional distress
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anorexia Nervosa is defined by an irrational fear of weight gain, leading to severe food restriction, which can result in dangerously low body weight.
2. Which age group is most commonly affected by the onset of Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Elderly adults over 65
B. Children under 10
C. Adolescents and young adults
D. Middle-aged adults
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Anorexia Nervosa typically begins in adolescence or early adulthood, often due to factors like body image pressures and hormonal changes.
3. What is a common physical symptom of Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Rapid weight gain
B. Excessive hair growth
C. Lanugo (fine hair on the body)
D. High blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Lanugo develops as the body tries to conserve heat due to extreme weight loss from restricted eating in Anorexia Nervosa.
4. Which psychological factor is strongly associated with Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Obsessive-compulsive tendencies
B. Manic episodes
C. Hallucinations
D. Euphoria from eating
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Individuals with Anorexia Nervosa often exhibit obsessive-compulsive behaviors related to food, weight, and body image control.
5. What role does genetics play in Anorexia Nervosa?
A. It has no influence
B. It increases risk if a family member has the disorder
C. It only affects males
D. It causes immediate onset in twins
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Genetic factors can predispose individuals to Anorexia Nervosa, as seen in family and twin studies showing higher risk among relatives.
6. Which medical complication can result from prolonged Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Diabetes
C. Hypertension
D. Liver enlargement
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Severe calorie restriction in Anorexia Nervosa leads to bone density loss, increasing the risk of osteoporosis due to nutrient deficiencies.
7. What is a key diagnostic criterion for Anorexia Nervosa according to the DSM-5?
A. Body weight at or above normal
B. Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced
C. Frequent binge eating episodes
D. Normal eating patterns with exercise
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The DSM-5 requires a distorted body image, where individuals underestimate their thinness, as part of diagnosing Anorexia Nervosa.
8. How does Anorexia Nervosa affect the heart?
A. It strengthens heart muscles
B. It can cause bradycardia (slow heart rate)
C. It increases heart size
D. It has no cardiac effects
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Malnutrition from Anorexia Nervosa often results in bradycardia as the body conserves energy, potentially leading to serious heart issues.
9. What is a common treatment approach for Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Medication alone
B. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C. Surgery
D. Ignoring the condition
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: CBT helps address distorted thoughts about body image and eating habits, making it a primary psychotherapy for Anorexia Nervosa.
10. Which electrolyte imbalance is frequently seen in Anorexia Nervosa?
A. High potassium levels
B. Low sodium levels (hyponatremia)
C. Normal electrolyte balance
D. High calcium levels
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Severe restriction and purging behaviors can lead to hyponatremia, causing symptoms like confusion and seizures in Anorexia Nervosa.
11. What is the estimated mortality rate for Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Less than 1%
B. Around 5-10%
C. Over 50%
D. Exactly 20%
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anorexia Nervosa has one of the highest mortality rates among mental health disorders, often due to medical complications or suicide.
12. How does social media influence Anorexia Nervosa?
A. It has no effect
B. It promotes unrealistic body ideals, increasing risk
C. It encourages healthy eating
D. It reduces body image concerns
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Exposure to idealized images on social media can exacerbate body dissatisfaction, a key trigger for developing Anorexia Nervosa.
13. What is the difference between Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa?
A. Anorexia involves binge eating
B. Bulimia involves severe food restriction without purging
C. Anorexia focuses on restriction, while Bulimia includes binge-purge cycles
D. They are the same disorder
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Anorexia Nervosa centers on extreme calorie restriction, whereas Bulimia Nervosa involves recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors.
14. Which nutrient deficiency is common in Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Vitamin D
B. Iron
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Restricted diets in Anorexia Nervosa often lead to deficiencies in vitamin D and iron, contributing to bone and blood health issues.
15. What is the first step in treating severe Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Immediate weight gain through force-feeding
B. Hospitalization for medical stabilization
C. Group therapy only
D. No treatment needed
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In severe cases, hospitalization is necessary to address life-threatening conditions like heart problems before psychological therapy begins.
16. Can Anorexia Nervosa occur in males?
A. No, it only affects females
B. Yes, but it’s rare
C. Yes, at the same rate as females
D. Only in children
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: While more common in females, males can develop Anorexia Nervosa, often influenced by societal pressures around body image.
17. What long-term effect might Anorexia Nervosa have on fertility?
A. Increased fertility
B. No effect
C. Amenorrhea (loss of menstrual periods) leading to infertility
D. Immediate pregnancy
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Severe weight loss and hormonal imbalances in Anorexia Nervosa can cause amenorrhea, which may result in temporary or permanent infertility.
18. Which behavior is typical in someone with Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Frequent social eating
B. Obsessive calorie counting
C. Indulging in high-fat foods
D. Ignoring body weight
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Individuals often engage in meticulous calorie counting as a control mechanism, which is a hallmark behavior of Anorexia Nervosa.
19. How effective is family-based therapy for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa?
A. Not effective
B. Moderately effective
C. Highly effective, especially in early stages
D. Only for adults
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Family-based therapy empowers parents to help restore healthy eating habits, showing high success rates for adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa.
20. What is a myth about Anorexia Nervosa?
A. It’s a choice for attention
B. It’s solely about food and weight
C. It can be cured quickly with diet alone
D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental health disorder involving complex psychological factors, not just choices or simple dietary fixes, debunking these common myths.
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