Physiology is a branch of biology that focuses on the study of the functions and processes that occur within living organisms. It seeks to understand how living organisms, from single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms, function and maintain homeostasis in their environments. Physiology plays a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms behind various biological processes and how they contribute to the overall health and survival of organisms.
Key aspects of Physiology include:
Cellular Physiology: This area of physiology studies the functions and processes that occur within individual cells. It involves understanding cell metabolism, cell communication, and cell specialization.
Organ Physiology: Organ physiology focuses on the functions and interactions of specific organs within an organism. It examines how organs, such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, and brain, perform their specialized tasks.
System Physiology: System physiology investigates the interactions and coordination between different organ systems in an organism. It explores how systems, such as the nervous system, respiratory system, circulatory system, digestive system, and endocrine system, work together to maintain homeostasis.
Neurophysiology: Neurophysiology is the study of the nervous system’s structure and function. It examines how nerve cells (neurons) transmit electrical signals and how the brain and spinal cord process information and control body functions.
In this article
- Part 1: 30 Physiology Biology quiz questions & answers
- Part 2: Download Physiology Biology questions & answers for free
- Part 3: Free online quiz creator – OnlineExamMaker
Part 1: 30 Physiology Biology quiz questions & answers
1. What does physiology study?
a) The structure of living organisms
b) The functions and processes that occur within living organisms
c) The classification of living organisms
d) The evolution of living organisms
Answer: b) The functions and processes that occur within living organisms
2. Which area of physiology focuses on the study of the nervous system?
a) Neurophysiology
b) Cardiovascular physiology
c) Respiratory physiology
d) Digestive physiology
Answer: a) Neurophysiology
3. The study of how the body responds and adapts to physical activity is known as:
a) Cardiovascular physiology
b) Neurophysiology
c) Respiratory physiology
d) Exercise physiology
Answer: d) Exercise physiology
4. Which organ system is responsible for regulating water and electrolyte balance, excreting waste products, and maintaining blood pressure?
a) Nervous system
b) Respiratory system
c) Cardiovascular system
d) Renal system (urinary system)
Answer: d) Renal system (urinary system)
5. Which aspect of physiology investigates how organisms adapt to different environmental conditions?
a) Neurophysiology
b) Environmental physiology
c) Cardiovascular physiology
d) Reproductive physiology
Answer: b) Environmental physiology
6. What is the study of the functions and processes that occur within individual cells called?
a) Cellular physiology
b) System physiology
c) Organ physiology
d) Comparative physiology
Answer: a) Cellular physiology
7. The study of hormone regulation and its effects on physiological processes is known as:
a) Endocrine physiology
b) Cardiovascular physiology
c) Respiratory physiology
d) Digestive physiology
Answer: a) Endocrine physiology
8. What area of physiology examines how the body processes food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste?
a) Respiratory physiology
b) Cardiovascular physiology
c) Digestive physiology
d) Renal physiology
Answer: c) Digestive physiology
9. Which system of the body is responsible for delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing carbon dioxide and waste products?
a) Nervous system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Respiratory system
d) Digestive system
Answer: b) Cardiovascular system
10. What does the study of comparative physiology compare across different species?
a) The structure of organs
b) The functions of cells
c) The physiological processes
d) The ecological niches
Answer: c) The physiological processes
11. What area of physiology studies the processes of breathing and gas exchange in the lungs?
a) Digestive physiology
b) Respiratory physiology
c) Cardiovascular physiology
d) Endocrine physiology
Answer: b) Respiratory physiology
12. Which organ is responsible for the production of insulin and glucagon, hormones involved in regulating blood sugar levels?
a) Liver
b) Pancreas
c) Kidneys
d) Lungs
Answer: b) Pancreas
13. The study of how nerve cells transmit electrical signals and how the brain processes information is known as:
a) Neurophysiology
b) Cardiovascular physiology
c) Respiratory physiology
d) Renal physiology
Answer: a) Neurophysiology
14. Which system of the body is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities through electrical signals and chemical messengers?
a) Cardiovascular system
b) Nervous system
c) Respiratory system
d) Endocrine system
Answer: b) Nervous system
15. What is the primary purpose of exercise physiology?
a) To study the structure of muscles and bones
b) To understand the function of the brain and spinal cord
c) To investigate the effects of physical activity on the body
d) To analyze the metabolic processes in cells
Answer: c) To investigate the effects of physical activity on the body
Part 2: Download Physiology Biology questions & answers for free
Download questions & answers for free
16. Which organ is responsible for filtering blood, removing waste products, and producing urine?
a) Liver
b) Heart
c) Lungs
d) Kidneys
Answer: d) Kidneys
17. The study of how the heart pumps blood and how blood vessels transport blood throughout the body is known as:
a) Respiratory physiology
b) Cardiovascular physiology
c) Neurophysiology
d) Digestive physiology
Answer: b) Cardiovascular physiology
18. Which system of the body is responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the air in the lungs?
a) Nervous system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Respiratory system
d) Digestive system
Answer: c) Respiratory system
19. The study of how the body processes nutrients and extracts energy from food is known as:
a) Cardiovascular physiology
b) Respiratory physiology
c) Digestive physiology
d) Renal physiology
Answer: c) Digestive physiology
20. Which of the following is NOT an organ of the respiratory system?
a) Lungs
b) Heart
c) Trachea
d) Bronchi
Answer: b) Heart
21. The pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands are part of which physiological system?
a) Cardiovascular system
b) Nervous system
c) Endocrine system
d) Renal system (urinary system)
Answer: c) Endocrine system
22. What is the term for the body’s ability to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment?
a) Adaptation
b) Metabolism
c) Homeostasis
d) Respiration
Answer: c) Homeostasis
23. The study of how the body regulates its temperature and fluid balance to maintain internal stability is known as:
a) Homeostasis
b) Thermoregulation
c) Osmoregulation
d) Adaptation
Answer: b) Thermoregulation
24. Which of the following hormones is involved in regulating blood glucose levels?
a) Insulin
b) Estrogen
c) Testosterone
d) Melatonin
Answer: a) Insulin
25. Which system of the body is responsible for exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) with the external environment?
a) Nervous system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Respiratory system
d) Digestive system
Answer: c) Respiratory system
26. What is the function of the circulatory system in the body?
a) To exchange gases with the external environment
b) To regulate body temperature
c) To transport nutrients, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body
d) To control voluntary and involuntary body movements
Answer: c) To transport nutrients, oxygen
, and waste products throughout the body
27. The study of the functions and interactions of specific organs within an organism is known as:
a) Cellular physiology
b) Organ physiology
c) System physiology
d) Comparative physiology
Answer: b) Organ physiology
28. What is the primary function of the nervous system in the body?
a) To transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body
b) To regulate body temperature and fluid balance
c) To coordinate and control body activities through electrical signals and chemical messengers
d) To filter blood and remove waste products
Answer: c) To coordinate and control body activities through electrical signals and chemical messengers
29. The study of how hormones regulate various physiological processes in the body is known as:
a) Neurophysiology
b) Endocrine physiology
c) Renal physiology
d) Cardiovascular physiology
Answer: b) Endocrine physiology
30. Which physiological system is responsible for the breakdown of food and the absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream?
a) Cardiovascular system
b) Nervous system
c) Respiratory system
d) Digestive system
Answer: d) Digestive system
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