International labour law refers to the body of rules, standards, and principles that protect workers’ rights and promote fair working conditions globally. It is primarily overseen by the International Labour Organization (ILO), established in 1919 and now a specialized agency of the United Nations.
Key Principles and Rights
– Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining: Workers have the right to form and join trade unions and negotiate wages and conditions.
– Elimination of Forced Labour: Prohibition of any form of compulsory labour, including trafficking and debt bondage.
– Abolition of Child Labour: Protection of children from hazardous work, with minimum age standards for employment.
– Elimination of Discrimination: Ensuring equal treatment in employment based on race, gender, religion, political opinion, or other factors.
– Safe and Healthy Working Conditions: Standards for occupational safety, health, and reasonable working hours.
Major International Instruments
The ILO has adopted over 190 conventions and recommendations. Key ones include:
– Convention No. 87 (1948): Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise.
– Convention No. 98 (1949): Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining.
– Convention No. 100 (1951): Equal Remuneration for men and women.
– Convention No. 111 (1958): Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation.
– Convention No. 138 (1973): Minimum Age for Admission to Employment.
– Convention No. 182 (1999): Worst Forms of Child Labour.
Enforcement and Implementation
International labour standards are not directly enforceable but rely on voluntary ratification by countries. Once ratified, they must be incorporated into national laws. The ILO monitors compliance through:
– Regular reporting by member states.
– Supervisory bodies like the Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations.
– Dispute resolution mechanisms, such as complaints to the ILO.
Global Context and Challenges
International labour law addresses issues in a globalized economy, including migrant workers’ rights, informal sector protections, and decent work agendas. Challenges include:
– Varying levels of enforcement across countries.
– Impact of globalization, technology, and the gig economy.
– Balancing economic growth with social justice.
This framework promotes fundamental human rights at work, aiming for universal standards to ensure dignity and equity for all workers worldwide.
Table of Contents
- Part 1: OnlineExamMaker – Generate and Share International Labour Law Quiz with AI Automatically
- Part 2: 20 International Labour Law Quiz Questions & Answers
- Part 3: OnlineExamMaker AI Question Generator: Generate Questions for Any Topic
Part 1: OnlineExamMaker – Generate and Share International Labour Law Quiz with AI Automatically
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Part 2: 20 International Labour Law Quiz Questions & Answers
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1. Question: What is the primary objective of the International Labour Organization (ILO)?
A. To promote peace through social justice
B. To regulate global trade agreements
C. To enforce environmental standards
D. To manage international migration
Answer: A
Explanation: The ILO’s Constitution states that its goal is to promote social justice and internationally recognized human and labour rights, which contributes to universal peace.
2. Question: Which ILO Convention specifically addresses the prohibition of forced or compulsory labour?
A. Convention No. 87
B. Convention No. 29
C. Convention No. 100
D. Convention No. 138
Answer: B
Explanation: ILO Convention No. 29 (1930) prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labour, except in specific circumstances like compulsory military service.
3. Question: Under the ILO’s Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention No. 111, what types of discrimination are prohibited?
A. Only racial discrimination
B. Discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, and social origin
C. Only age-based discrimination
D. Discrimination based solely on nationality
Answer: B
Explanation: Convention No. 111 requires member states to declare and pursue a national policy to promote equality of opportunity and treatment in employment, prohibiting discrimination on the specified grounds.
4. Question: What is the minimum age for admission to employment or work under ILO Convention No. 138?
A. 14 years
B. 15 years, with possible exceptions for developing countries
C. 18 years
D. 16 years
Answer: B
Explanation: Convention No. 138 sets the minimum age at 15 years, but allows developing countries to specify a minimum age of 14 years under certain conditions.
5. Question: Which international treaty establishes the right to form and join trade unions?
A. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
B. ILO Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention No. 87
C. European Convention on Human Rights
D. Geneva Conventions
Answer: B
Explanation: ILO Convention No. 87 protects the right of workers and employers to establish and join organizations of their own choosing without previous authorization.
6. Question: What does ILO Convention No. 100 primarily aim to achieve?
A. Equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value
B. Reduction of working hours
C. Safety standards in mining
D. Child labor elimination
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 100 promotes equal pay for men and women for work of equal value, addressing gender-based wage disparities.
7. Question: Under the ILO’s Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention No. 182, which of the following is NOT considered a worst form of child labour?
A. Slavery or practices similar to slavery
B. Work in family-owned farms
C. The use of children for prostitution or pornography
D. Work that is likely to harm the health, safety, or morals of children
Answer: B
Explanation: Convention No. 182 targets the most hazardous forms of child labour, such as slavery and prostitution, but family work is not inherently classified as a “worst form” unless it meets the criteria of harm.
8. Question: Which body is responsible for supervising the application of ILO Conventions?
A. The International Court of Justice
B. The Committee of Experts on the Application of Conventions and Recommendations
C. The World Trade Organization
D. The United Nations Security Council
Answer: B
Explanation: The Committee of Experts examines government reports and provides observations on the implementation of ILO Conventions and Recommendations.
9. Question: What is the key principle of ILO Convention No. 155 regarding occupational safety and health?
A. To promote flexible working hours
B. To ensure workers have the right to a safe and healthy working environment
C. To standardize minimum wages globally
D. To regulate international labor migration
Answer: B
Explanation: Convention No. 155 requires member states to develop a national policy on occupational safety and health to prevent accidents and injury to health in employment.
10. Question: Which ILO Convention deals with the protection of wages?
A. Convention No. 95
B. Convention No. 122
C. Convention No. 159
D. Convention No. 169
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 95 ensures that wages are paid regularly, in full, and directly to the worker, protecting workers from wage deductions and delays.
11. Question: What does the ILO’s Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work (1998) cover?
A. Only freedom of association
B. Freedom of association, elimination of forced labour, abolition of child labour, elimination of discrimination, and promotion of safe work
C. Environmental protection in workplaces
D. Global minimum wage standards
Answer: B
Explanation: The Declaration commits ILO member states to respect and promote the fundamental rights, regardless of whether they have ratified the relevant Conventions.
12. Question: Under ILO Convention No. 189, who are the primary beneficiaries?
A. Domestic workers
B. Agricultural workers
C. Seafarers
D. Mining workers
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 189 provides for decent work for domestic workers, including rights to fair terms of employment, working conditions, and protection against violence.
13. Question: Which international labour standard addresses maternity protection?
A. ILO Convention No. 183
B. ILO Convention No. 87
C. ILO Convention No. 29
D. ILO Convention No. 138
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 183 ensures maternity protection, including maternity leave, cash benefits, and protection against dismissal due to pregnancy.
14. Question: What is the focus of ILO Convention No. 122?
A. Employment policy to promote full, productive, and freely chosen employment
B. Regulation of overtime work
C. Prohibition of night work for women
D. Standards for vocational training
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 122 requires governments to declare and implement an active policy designed to promote full employment and raise living standards.
15. Question: Which ILO instrument specifically targets indigenous and tribal peoples?
A. Convention No. 169
B. Convention No. 100
C. Convention No. 87
D. Convention No. 29
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 169 protects the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples in respect of their social and working life, including consultation on matters affecting them.
16. Question: Under the ILO’s Maritime Labour Convention, what is required for seafarers?
A. Fair treatment, including minimum wages and safe working conditions
B. Unlimited working hours
C. Exemption from social security
D. Prohibition from forming unions
Answer: A
Explanation: The Maritime Labour Convention ensures decent working and living conditions for seafarers, covering areas like wages, hours of work, and health protection.
17. Question: What does ILO Convention No. 105 address?
A. Abolition of forced labour as a means of political coercion
B. Equal pay for equal work
C. Minimum age for employment
D. Occupational health standards
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 105 supplements Convention No. 29 by targeting the abolition of forced or compulsory labour for purposes such as political punishment or racial discrimination.
18. Question: Which principle is central to the ILO’s approach to tripartism?
A. Involvement of governments, employers, and workers in decision-making
B. Unilateral government control of labour policies
C. Exclusion of workers from policy discussions
D. Focus solely on international trade
Answer: A
Explanation: Tripartism is a core ILO principle, involving representatives from governments, employers’ organizations, and workers’ organizations in formulating standards and policies.
19. Question: What is the purpose of ILO Recommendation No. 202?
A. To establish social protection floors for all
B. To regulate international recruitment of workers
C. To set global standards for apprenticeships
D. To promote export processing zones
Answer: A
Explanation: Recommendation No. 202 calls for the establishment of national social protection floors to ensure basic income security and access to essential services for all.
20. Question: Under ILO Convention No. 159, what is the main focus?
A. Vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities
B. Child labour in hazardous industries
C. Maternity leave extensions
D. Wage equality in developing countries
Answer: A
Explanation: Convention No. 159 promotes equal opportunities for persons with disabilities in vocational rehabilitation and employment, ensuring access to training and jobs.
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