The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe, established to promote peace, stability, and prosperity through shared policies and cooperation. Founded in 1957 as the European Economic Community (EEC) by six countries—Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands—the EU has evolved through treaties like the Single European Act (1986), the Maastricht Treaty (1993), which created the EU itself, and the Lisbon Treaty (2009), expanding its scope to include monetary union and foreign policy.
The EU operates on principles of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, with a single market that allows the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people. Its institutions include:
The European Commission, the executive body proposing legislation and enforcing EU law.
The European Parliament, directly elected by EU citizens, which shares legislative power.
The Council of the European Union, representing member states’ governments.
The European Court of Justice, ensuring uniform application of EU law.
The European Central Bank, managing the euro currency for the 20 eurozone countries.
The EU has 27 members, following the UK’s departure in 2020 (Brexit), and candidate countries like Ukraine and Moldova are in accession processes. Key policies cover areas such as trade, agriculture, environmental protection (e.g., the Green Deal aiming for climate neutrality by 2050), digital transformation, and migration. The EU’s single currency, the euro, facilitates economic integration, while the Schengen Area enables border-free travel for many members.
Despite achievements like peace in Europe, economic growth, and global influence, challenges include internal divisions over migration, rule-of-law issues in some member states, and external pressures from geopolitical tensions, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict. The EU continues to adapt, focusing on strategic autonomy, innovation, and sustainable development.
Table of contents
- Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz maker – Make a free quiz in minutes
- Part 2: 20 European Union quiz questions & answers
- Part 3: OnlineExamMaker AI Question Generator: Generate questions for any topic
Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz maker – Make a free quiz in minutes
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Part 2: 20 European Union quiz questions & answers
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1. What year was the Treaty of Rome signed, establishing the European Economic Community?
A. 1957
B. 1945
C. 1993
D. 2002
Answer: A
Explanation: The Treaty of Rome was signed in 1957, marking the foundation of what later became the European Union by creating the European Economic Community.
2. Which institution of the European Union is responsible for proposing new legislation?
A. European Commission
B. European Parliament
C. Council of the European Union
D. European Court of Justice
Answer: A
Explanation: The European Commission has the exclusive right to propose legislation, acting as the executive body of the EU.
3. How many member states are currently in the European Union as of 2023?
A. 27
B. 28
C. 25
D. 30
Answer: A
Explanation: After the United Kingdom’s departure in 2020, the EU consists of 27 member states.
4. What is the official currency used by most EU member states in the Eurozone?
A. Euro
B. Pound sterling
C. Swiss franc
D. US dollar
Answer: A
Explanation: The euro is the common currency adopted by 20 of the 27 EU member states as part of the Eurozone.
5. Which EU institution is directly elected by the citizens of member states?
A. European Parliament
B. European Council
C. European Central Bank
D. Court of Auditors
Answer: A
Explanation: Members of the European Parliament are elected every five years through direct universal suffrage by EU citizens.
6. What does the Schengen Agreement primarily aim to achieve?
A. Free movement of people across borders
B. Common agricultural policy
C. Environmental protection
D. Defense cooperation
Answer: A
Explanation: The Schengen Agreement eliminates border controls between participating countries, allowing free movement within the Schengen Area.
7. Which country was the first to join the European Coal and Steel Community in 1952?
A. France
B. Germany
C. Italy
D. All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation: France, West Germany, Italy, and the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) were the founding members of the European Coal and Steel Community.
8. What is the role of the European Court of Justice?
A. To ensure EU law is interpreted and applied uniformly
B. To propose budgets
C. To handle foreign policy
D. To regulate trade disputes
Answer: A
Explanation: The European Court of Justice interprets EU law to ensure it is applied consistently across all member states.
9. Which treaty introduced the euro as the common currency?
A. Maastricht Treaty
B. Treaty of Rome
C. Lisbon Treaty
D. Nice Treaty
Answer: A
Explanation: The Maastricht Treaty, signed in 1992, established the Economic and Monetary Union, leading to the introduction of the euro.
10. What percentage of votes is required for a qualified majority in the Council of the European Union?
A. At least 55% of member states representing 65% of the EU population
B. 75% of member states
C. Simple majority
D. Unanimous agreement
Answer: A
Explanation: A qualified majority requires the support of at least 55% of member states, representing at least 65% of the EU population, as per the Lisbon Treaty.
11. Which EU policy focuses on reducing regional disparities in economic development?
A. Cohesion Policy
B. Common Fisheries Policy
C. Competition Policy
D. Digital Single Market
Answer: A
Explanation: Cohesion Policy aims to reduce economic and social disparities between EU regions through funding and development programs.
12. When did the United Kingdom officially leave the European Union?
A. 31 January 2020
B. 23 June 2016
C. 1 February 2019
D. 31 December 2020
Answer: A
Explanation: The UK formally exited the EU on 31 January 2020, following the Brexit referendum in 2016.
13. What is the primary function of the European Central Bank?
A. To maintain price stability in the Eurozone
B. To regulate national banks
C. To handle EU diplomacy
D. To enforce environmental laws
Answer: A
Explanation: The European Central Bank is responsible for managing the euro and ensuring price stability across the Eurozone.
14. Which EU institution represents the governments of the member states?
A. Council of the European Union
B. European Commission
C. European Parliament
D. European Ombudsman
Answer: A
Explanation: The Council of the European Union consists of government ministers from each member state, representing national interests.
15. What year was the European Union awarded the Nobel Peace Prize?
A. 2012
B. 2005
C. 1990
D. 2015
Answer: A
Explanation: The EU was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 for advancing peace, reconciliation, democracy, and human rights in Europe.
16. Which treaty reformed the EU’s institutions and introduced the role of a permanent President of the European Council?
A. Lisbon Treaty
B. Amsterdam Treaty
C. Treaty of Nice
D. Single European Act
Answer: A
Explanation: The Lisbon Treaty, effective from 2009, introduced reforms including the permanent President of the European Council.
17. What does the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) primarily support?
A. Farming and rural development
B. Urban infrastructure
C. Defense spending
D. Energy production
Answer: A
Explanation: The CAP provides financial support to farmers and promotes sustainable agriculture and rural development across the EU.
18. How many official languages does the European Union have?
A. 24
B. 27
C. 28
D. 23
Answer: A
Explanation: As of 2023, the EU has 24 official languages, reflecting the diversity of its member states.
19. Which country holds the rotating presidency of the Council of the European Union for six months at a time?
A. A member state on a rotating basis
B. Germany
C. France
D. The European Commission
Answer: A
Explanation: The presidency rotates every six months among the member states, allowing each to preside over the Council.
20. What is the main goal of the EU’s Green Deal?
A. To make Europe climate-neutral by 2050
B. To increase military cooperation
C. To expand EU membership
D. To regulate digital currencies
Answer: A
Explanation: The European Green Deal aims to achieve climate neutrality in the EU by 2050 through sustainable policies and investments.
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