Cyber attacks are deliberate attempts by unauthorized individuals or entities to access, damage, or disrupt computer systems, networks, and digital devices. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in software, hardware, or human behavior to achieve goals such as data theft, financial gain, espionage, or disruption.
Common Types of Cyber Attacks:
– Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to obtain sensitive information by disguising as a trustworthy entity via emails, messages, or fake websites. Attackers trick users into revealing passwords, credit card numbers, or personal details.
– Malware: Malicious software including viruses, worms, trojans, and ransomware. Viruses replicate and spread, worms self-propagate across networks, trojans disguise as legitimate programs to gain access, and ransomware encrypts data demanding payment for decryption.
– Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS): Overwhelming a target system’s resources by flooding it with traffic from multiple sources. This renders websites or services unavailable, often used to disrupt operations or extort money.
– Man-in-the-Middle (MitM): Interception and alteration of communication between two parties without their knowledge. Attackers eavesdrop, steal data, or inject malicious content into the exchange.
– SQL Injection: Exploiting vulnerabilities in database-driven applications by inserting malicious SQL code. This allows attackers to access, modify, or delete database contents, potentially exposing sensitive information.
– Zero-Day Exploits: Attacks targeting unknown software vulnerabilities before developers can patch them. These are highly dangerous as defenses are not yet in place.
Impacts of Cyber Attacks:
– Financial Losses: Businesses face costs from data breaches, downtime, legal fees, and ransom payments, with global estimates exceeding billions annually.
– Data Breaches: Exposure of personal, financial, or confidential information, leading to identity theft, fraud, and loss of trust.
– Operational Disruption: Critical infrastructure like hospitals, banks, and utilities can be paralyzed, endangering lives and economies.
– National Security Risks: State-sponsored attacks can involve espionage, sabotage, or cyber warfare, affecting geopolitical stability.
As cyber threats evolve with AI and IoT, proactive defense and international cooperation are essential to safeguard digital ecosystems.
Table of contents
- Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz generator – Save time and efforts
- Part 2: 20 cyber attacks quiz questions & answers
- Part 3: Automatically generate quiz questions using AI Question Generator
Part 1: OnlineExamMaker AI quiz generator – Save time and efforts
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Part 2: 20 cyber attacks quiz questions & answers
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1. What is a phishing attack?
A. A method to overload a server with traffic
B. An attempt to trick users into revealing sensitive information by posing as a trustworthy entity
C. A virus that spreads through infected files
D. A technique to encrypt data for ransom
Answer: B
Explanation: Phishing involves deceptive tactics like fake emails or websites to steal personal data, such as passwords or credit card numbers.
2. Which type of cyber attack involves overwhelming a target server with traffic?
A. Malware injection
B. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
C. SQL injection
D. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
Answer: B
Explanation: DDoS attacks flood a server with excessive traffic from multiple sources, making it unavailable to users.
3. What does a ransomware attack typically do?
A. Steal data without encrypting it
B. Encrypt files and demand payment for decryption
C. Crash a system without data involvement
D. Send spam emails
Answer: B
Explanation: Ransomware locks or encrypts files, then extorts money from victims for the decryption key.
4. In a SQL injection attack, what is the primary target?
A. Network hardware
B. User passwords
C. Database queries
D. Email servers
Answer: C
Explanation: Attackers insert malicious SQL code into input fields to manipulate databases and extract or alter data.
5. What is a key characteristic of a zero-day exploit?
A. It targets outdated software only
B. It is a vulnerability unknown to the software vendor
C. It requires physical access to a device
D. It is always a phishing attempt
Answer: B
Explanation: A zero-day exploit takes advantage of a flaw that has not yet been patched by the vendor, making it highly dangerous.
6. Which attack involves intercepting communication between two parties?
A. Phishing
B. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)
C. DDoS
D. Ransomware
Answer: B
Explanation: MitM attacks allow hackers to eavesdrop, steal, or alter data as it travels between users and servers.
7. What is the main goal of a brute force attack?
A. To encrypt files
B. To guess passwords through trial and error
C. To flood a network
D. To spread viruses
Answer: B
Explanation: Brute force attacks systematically try all possible combinations to crack passwords or encryption keys.
8. In a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack, what is exploited?
A. Server hardware
B. Web application vulnerabilities to inject malicious scripts
C. Email attachments
D. Wireless networks
Answer: B
Explanation: XSS attacks inject client-side scripts into web pages, which can steal cookies or session data from users.
9. What type of attack is a Trojan horse?
A. A virus that replicates itself
B. Malware disguised as legitimate software
C. A network flooding technique
D. An email-based scam
Answer: B
Explanation: A Trojan horse tricks users into installing it by appearing harmless, then performs malicious actions like data theft.
10. Which cyber attack targets IoT devices for creating a botnet?
A. Phishing
B. Mirai botnet attack
C. SQL injection
D. Ransomware
Answer: B
Explanation: Attacks like Mirai infect poorly secured IoT devices to form botnets for larger attacks, such as DDoS.
11. What is the purpose of a password spraying attack?
A. To use a single password on multiple accounts
B. To try multiple passwords on a single account
C. To encrypt passwords
D. To delete user data
Answer: A
Explanation: Password spraying uses common passwords across many accounts to avoid detection from multiple failed attempts on one account.
12. In a rootkit attack, what does the attacker gain?
A. Temporary access to files
B. Hidden administrative control over a system
C. Only network traffic data
D. Email access
Answer: B
Explanation: Rootkits conceal their presence and provide privileged access, allowing attackers to maintain control undetected.
13. What is a keylogger primarily used for in cyber attacks?
A. To crash systems
B. To record keystrokes and capture sensitive information
C. To send spam
D. To overload bandwidth
Answer: B
Explanation: Keyloggers monitor and log keystrokes, enabling attackers to steal passwords, credit card numbers, and other typed data.
14. Which attack involves exploiting a buffer overflow?
A. DDoS
B. Phishing
C. Code injection leading to system crashes or unauthorized code execution
D. Ransomware
Answer: C
Explanation: Buffer overflow attacks overwhelm a program’s memory buffer, potentially allowing attackers to execute arbitrary code.
15. What is social engineering in the context of cyber attacks?
A. Manipulating hardware
B. Tricking people into divulging confidential information
C. Overloading servers
D. Encrypting databases
Answer: B
Explanation: Social engineering exploits human psychology, such as trust or fear, to gain unauthorized access or information.
16. In a denial-of-service (DoS) attack, what happens to the target?
A. Data is stolen
B. The system becomes unavailable due to resource exhaustion
C. Files are encrypted
D. Networks are rerouted
Answer: B
Explanation: DoS attacks disrupt services by flooding or exhausting resources, preventing legitimate users from accessing them.
17. What makes a watering hole attack unique?
A. It targets random websites
B. It compromises websites frequented by a specific group to infect visitors
C. It uses email attachments only
D. It focuses on hardware
Answer: B
Explanation: Watering hole attacks infect sites that a targeted group visits regularly, increasing the chances of infecting those users.
18. Which cyber attack involves falsifying IP addresses?
A. Phishing
B. IP spoofing
C. Ransomware
D. SQL injection
Answer: B
Explanation: IP spoofing disguises the sender’s IP address to impersonate a trusted source, often for unauthorized access or attacks.
19. What is the risk in a clickjacking attack?
A. Overloading a website
B. Tricking users into clicking on hidden elements that perform unintended actions
C. Stealing physical devices
D. Encrypting emails
Answer: B
Explanation: Clickjacking deceives users into interacting with invisible or misleading elements, leading to unintended actions like sharing data.
20. In a supply chain attack, what is the typical entry point?
A. Directly hacking end-users
B. Compromising a third-party vendor to access multiple targets
C. Flooding individual networks
D. Physical theft
Answer: B
Explanation: Supply chain attacks target vulnerabilities in software or hardware suppliers, allowing attackers to reach multiple victims through a single breach.
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Part 3: Automatically generate quiz questions using OnlineExamMaker AI Question Generator
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